Barrels of oil equivalent (boe): A unit of measure to quantify crude oil and natural gas amounts using the same basis. Natural gas volumes are converted to boe on a basis of 6,000:1 (standard cubic feet to boe).

Biodiesel: A fuel derived from renewable products that can be used directly or blended with conventional diesel fuel in various concentrations. Biodiesel can be made from vegetable oils, recycled restaurant oils or animal fat. The oil or fat is typically processed into a methyl ester.

Biodiversity: Refers very broadly to the variety of life on earth at the genetic, species and ecosystem levels; includes the processes that link these together and enable them to function.

Capacity building: Establishing mechanisms that allow communities (or nations) to develop and sustain themselves through their own human capital.

Corporate social responsibility: The concept that organizations, especially corporations, have an obligation to consider the interests of customers, employees, shareholders, communities and the environment in all aspects of their operations.

Downstream: A generic industry term that refers to operations involving the refining, processing, distribution (including pipelines, trucking, marine shipping, etc.) and marketing of products derived from oil and gas. In this Report, “Downstream” also refers to Marathon Petroleum Company LLC.

Exploration: The process of searching for minerals, such as oil and gas, that enables an oil or gas company to determine whether to proceed with development and production. Exploration activities include geophysical surveys, drilling to locate an oil or gas reservoir, and the drilling of additional wells after a discovery to determine the boundaries of an underground reservoir.

Flaring and venting: The burning or release of natural gas that is often produced in association with oil, a process that typically occurs when there is no market or on-site use for the gas.

Global Performance System (GPS): Provides a formal framework to fulfill the Upstream business’ commitment to HES performance, security and social responsibility. The GPS has core elements that are internationally recognized as key components of best practice management systems that drive business excellence.

Indigenous people: Those peoples whose social, cultural, political and economic conditions differentiate them from the dominant societal and community sectors that have developed around them.

Non-governmental organization (NGO):
An organization that is independent from the government, generally a nonprofit organization devoted to providing assistance to or advancing a particular cause or issue.

Normalization: The expression of one output (e.g., emissions) relative to some aggregated measure of output (e.g., barrels of oil produced or refinery throughput).

Pandemic: A widespread, possibly global, disease outbreak.

Production: A generic industry term that refers to operations and activities involved in bringing oil and gas to the earth’s surface, as well as initial processing.

Renewable energy: Energy resources that are not depleted when consumed or converted into other forms of energy (for example, ethanol, solar, geothermal and wind).

Reserves: Reserves consist of oil and gas in the reservoir considered producible under existing economic and operating conditions
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Responsible Care Management System®: An integrated, structured approach to drive results in six key areas: community awareness and emergency response; distribution; employee health and safety; pollution prevention; process safety; and product stewardship.

Retail Marketing: A generic industry term that refers to the retail sales of petroleum products, including gasoline service stations and convenience stores. In this Report, “Retail Marketing” (or “Retail”) refers to Speedway SuperAmerica LLC (SSA).

Stakeholder: Defined as those who affect, are affected by, or have a legitimate interest in our Company’s performance.

Transparency: Refers to the level of openness a company or government has concerning how it makes and spends its money.

Upstream: A generic industry term that
refers to operations involving the exploration, development and production of oil and gas. In this report, “Upstream” also refers to Marathon Oil Company.